Nicotiana tabacum, commonly referred as tobacco, is a commercial shrub with pink flowers and green capsules containing abundant small seeds grown in a large num­ber of countries around the world. The foliage of the plant is the commercial product and used in the prepa­ration of cigarettes and other tobacco-containing prod­ucts. The oil content of the seeds, a by-product from tobacco, ranges from 36 wt% to 41 wt% (Usta, 2005). This tobacco seed oil contains more than 17 wt% FFAs (Veljkovic et al., 2006) and is high in linoleic acid (69.5 wt%), along with oleic (14.5 wt%) and palmitic (11.0 wt%) acid in significant amounts. Due to high lino — leic acid content of tobacco seed oil, the corresponding methyl esters display relatively low kinematic viscosity (3.5 mm2/s) in comparison to most other biodiesel fuels (Usta, 2005).

Biodiesel from Animal Fat Wastes

The feedstock issues are very critical, which affect the economic potential of biodiesel production, since feed­stock accounts around 75% of the biodiesel total cost (Figure 1.7). Recently, alternative lipid residues such as waste frying oil and nonedible animal fats have also received substantial attention from the biofuel sector. To take benefit of these low-cost and low-quality resources, a suitable act would be to reuse residues in

order to integrate sustainable energy supply and waste management in food processing facilities. Animal fats are typically considered as waste by-products and less expensive than commodity vegetable oils, which make them attractive as feedstock for biodiesel production. These animal wastes are collected from chicken, cow, pork lard, and other animals such as fish and insects.