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14 декабря, 2021
The U. S. Department of Energy’s Annual Energy Review, published September 7, 2004, provides a wealth of statistics and research into the use, production, and availability of energy throughout the world. The “holy grail” of alternative energy
FIGURE 15.1 Energy consumption by source. Source: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration: Annual Energy Review, 2003. With permission.
sources is to address the use of petroleum since it accounts for 39.4% of energy consumption followed by coal and natural gas, each accounting for 23.2% (Figure 15.1) [1].
The presidential prime-time address was not purely political; the United States is by far the largest user of petroleum, followed by Japan whose consumption is quickly being surpassed by China’s budding development (Figures 15.2 and 15.3) [1].
Leading Consumers, 1960-2002 United States—- Former U. S.S. R. — Japan—— — China — — Russia FIGURE 15.3 Petroleum consumption by country over past 40 years. Source: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration: Annual Energy Review, 2003. With permission. |
The United States’ geographic nature of dispersed cities and urban centers has created the reliance on personal transportation and thus the leading consumption of petroleum. Despite efforts to institute mass transit, there has been little or no effect on the increasing use of this form of energy. The current administration believes the answer to be hydrogen fuel cells, stating the desire for a child born in 2003 to have a fuel-cell vehicle as their first car (January 28, 2003). However, there are nearer-term opportunities, as described in this book, which should be the focus of the country’s efforts.