Process Network Synthesis (PNS) was used as a tool for economic decisions to get an optimal technology solution for biogas production with particular consideration of feedstock which is not in competition with food or feed production. Ecological evaluation of the resulting optimal PNS solution through footprint calculation was based on the Sustainable Process Index (SPI). These calculations are based on the data, which was gathered in three field tests, and the practical experiences, that were gained in the growing and harvesting of intercrops on more than 50 hectares of arable land. Besides the determination of dry matter yields of different kinds of intercrops and intercrop mixtures the effects on ground water, soil and nutrient management were investigated in the field experiments with time-domain-reflectometry, soil water and mineral nitrogen content measurement. Additionally, the potential biogas production was measured by means of biogas fermenter lab scale experiments.