Lignin can be used as an efficient precursor in synthesizing carbonaceous nanomaterials with different morphology not only due to their carbon rich phenolic structure, but also for their capable chemical modification. Synthesizing the carbon nanoparticles with different morphol­ogy is possible by adopting various order of chemical modification as well as the processing conditions. The challenge is to inhibit the nucleation of carbon structures during the carboni­zation process to avoid larger particles, which normally occurs at elevated temperatures. Chemical modification can result in the formation of cross-linked structure, which normally alters the carbonization mechanism and can cause the formation of carbon nanostructures with different morphology. Babel et al. [215] reported the synthesis of KOH activated lignin-based carbon nanoparticles and their effective hydrogen storage capability. Recently, Gonugunta et al. reported the fabrication of carbon nanoparticels from lignin by adopting freeze drying process [216—217].