Wet mill

Wet milling is a corn processing process in which the produced corn starch can be fermented into ethanol. Thus, ethanol is not the only product of a wet mill. In the beginning, the feedstock goes through a steeping step that soaks it in warm water containing small quantities of dissolved sulfur dioxide for almost 40 hours. This step facilitates the separation of the grain components. The different processes will be then applied such as grinding, screening, germ separation, oil refining, starch-gluten separation, drying, fermentation and syrup refining. Other products of a wet mill plant produced along with ethanol in these processes include starch, corn oil, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and glucose/dextrose. The coproducts of

different steps are corngluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn germ meal and corn steep liquor [28]. Corn gluten feed and corn gluten meal are the major feeds for livestock produced in a wet mill. As compared to theproduced ethanol in a wet mill, com gluten feed and cornghiten meal are produced almo etas mnchae 70% andl7% of dhemassoh the prodhueOethaeol, respectively [44]. The tompuahion ofthe wel:mill uojeroducttarepeesentedinTable1. Smulae to distillers’ grains, thete coproductsaccount for e good tooite trd nnhihous sompooenei hut. as protein and fiber forfeed appCitotfons. dlee uelueofthsee nnop^i^o^tiptt ftDrr^r^imt^l duettas been realized for maoyyears leato ond they aos used puthe feedfo e n on de eaaeeof enimato including beef cattle id7i, calt and lam0[58],dairp eattin ]59],panltsy [10], owina di],]p&t [РЄ] and fish [63]. Also, it houbeen thrive; dtpatcorn oiuten to^a al aenbe useda, tpe pre-emesgenoe

weed control (to control weeds brfore t^lr^ weedseeds germinate)[6a] aodensb5en regulated by US Environmenta1 ProtedionAgenc0 (EPA] i5]i].