The detection of new and rare species is made easier due to the accessibility of classifications based on genotypic and phenotypic data. This will be valuable in the challenges facing systematic classification and the need for establishing well — defined taxa, a stable nomenclature, and enhanced identification procedures. Large — scale screening for bioactive compounds of industrial application necessitates rapid and unequivocal characterization of enormous numbers of algal isolates. Because these biocatalytic compounds hold persistent value as an input for the biotechnology industry, the conservation of microbial gene pools is critical. Ex-situ collections are and will continue to be an essential cradle for warranting that a source of living cells is available for research and manufacturing purposes. It is well documented that exploring the same or similar environments fails to reveal the same organisms again or even, if found, they would not exhibit the desired characteristics exhibited by the earlier strains. Nevertheless, maintenance of representatives of all identified species of algae and cell lines in ex-situ collections is unrealistic. Hence, it is suggested that future researchers and repositories should ensure the provision of the DNA rather than the organisms themselves. We are still largely in the hunter-and-gatherer stage of exploiting algae for food, bioactive compounds, and energy. Hence, further challenges in bioprospecting may includee the protection of intellectual property rights of original owners, a policy for strain distribution, and sharing and material transfer agreements.

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