Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural and forest residues could prove to be an ideally inexpensive and abundantly available source of sugar fermentation into transportation fuel compared to bioethanol G1 from starch crops. Many techniques are used in the industrial ethanol production process. However, the biggest concern of the process is its effectiveness, low environmental impact, and cost-efficiency. Extensive research has been done on the development of advanced pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation, and purification technologies to prepare more digestible biomass and easy bioconversion of biomass into cellulosic ethanol. New technolo­gies such as catalytic processes are promising due to its high selectivity toward a
desired product although the balance between the overall cost and effectiveness is still being considered for industrial use. The utilization of fuel ethanol for transpor­tation has potential to substitute gasoline and contribute to a cleaner environment. Therefore, the fuel industry will benefit from the efficient utilization of lignocellu — losic biomass for bioethanol G2 production.