Seeds

The seed accounts for 70 % weight of the fruit and is made of about kernel and husk (Singh et al. 2008). The seed is about 17.5 mm in length and 11.5 mm width and contains oil which is about 34 % of its total weight (Singh et al. 2008). The Jatrpoha fruit seeds have an energy value of 24 MJ kg-1, which is higher than coal (Augustus and Jayabalan 2002). Seed kernel represents 70 % of seed weight and has calorific value of 29.8 MJ kg-1 (Openshaw 2000) to 31.6 MJ kg-1 (Martinez — Herrera et al. 2006). J. curcas seed contains about 42 % seed husks. The seed husks contain 4 % ash, 25 % fixed carbon, and 71 % volatile matter (Vyas and Singh 2007; Singh et al. 2009). The seed husk has calorific value of 16 MJ kg-1 (Vyas and Singh 2007). Seed husks have a high bulk density (223 kg m-3) which makes them acquiescent to briquetting and hence an energy source. Syngas is obtained from J. curcas seed in an open core down draft gasifier (Vyas and Singh 2007).

Table 17.1 Fuel properties of Jatropha raw oil and fossil diesel

Jatropha oil

Fossil diesel

References

Calorific value

39.77

42.4

Rosenblum (2000)

Cetane number

45-62

45-55

Nahar and Sunny (2011)

Density

884

840

Basker (1993), Heller (1996)

Flash point (°C)

235-240

50

Islam et al. (2011)

Specific gravity

0.87

0.91

Sulfur weight (%)

0.04-0.13

1.2

Heller (1996)

Viscosity

49.93

4.59

Basker (1993)