As already stated, the functional unit in this study is the fertilization of 1 ha of land in Cote d’Ivoire, on which cacao trees are grown together with shadow trees. In Table 8.10, an overview is given of the process steps for the two scenarios. As can be seen from Table 8.10, several process steps are identical for both scenarios. This means that these process steps are not taken into account.

8.4.2 Scenario 1: Recycling of the Ashes as a Fertilizer

The filter ash is transported by means of a heavy lorry trailer from the bioenergy plant to the port. The distance between these is assumed to be 100 km. Table 8.3 gives the emissions per ton kilometer. Per hectare cacao plantation in Cote d’Ivoire, 74 kg cacao shells are produced, resulting in 6.7 kg filter ash, corresponding to 0.67 t km. The filter ash is transported by means of a bulk carrier from the Dutch port to Cote d’Ivoire. The distance is assumed to be 6,000 km (SenterNovem 2007), which results in 40.21 km. The ash is transported by means of a medium-sized lorry from the port in Cote d’Ivoire to the cacao plantation. The distance is assumed to be 800 km, which results in 5.4 t km.

The major part of the PK nutrient demand has to be provided by synthetic fertilizer. Table 8.7 shows the emissions produced by 1 kg of these fertilizers. These emissions are valid for production of the fertilizer in Europe. We assume the production of the fertilizers takes place in Cote d’Ivoire. However, because of lack of better data, the production data for Europe are used. The fertilizer (238 kg) is transported within Cote d’Ivoire by means of a medium-sized lorry. The distance is assumed to be 800 km, corresponding to 190 t km. In Table 8.11, an overview is given of the total emissions in scenario 1.