Most of the chemical pretreatment technologies that have been described herein are effective on one or more factors that contribute to lignocellulosic recalcitrance, as shown in Table 8.6. Table 8.7 summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of these pretreatment technologies. Each method discussed shows the ability to take the complex carbohydrate and depolymerize the substrate to a lower fraction for enzymatic saccharification in the subsequent step. There are a number of feasible routes, each of which has their own merits and disadvantages, and consequences on the enzymatic hydrolysis.