As indicated before, under serious conditions (high temperature, high sulfuric acid dosage and long reaction time), more degraded saccharine-derived chemicals, such as furfural, levulinic acid and HMF, can be obtained in high amounts. Furfural has a variety of applications for a broad spectrum of derivatives chemicals and polymer products [81]. In addition, furfural is a good solvent widely used in lubricant, coatings, adhesives, furan resin and so on [82]. Levulinic acid is a key platform compound for the synthesis of a series of value-added products, including chiral reagents, biologically active materials, polyhydroxyalkanoates, antifouling compounds, personal care products, lubricants adsorbents, printing inks, coatings [83], etc. HMF is also a platform compound for the synthesis of many chemicals derived from petroleum. For example, it can be converted into 2,5-furandicarb — oxylic acid, 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofu — ran [84]. In addition, it is a precursor in the synthesis of liquid alkanes used for diesel fuel [85].