Temperature plays an important role on the dissolution rate of cellulose. Because a change of the cellulose structure from a highly crystalline to a low crystalline form is not thermodynamically favorable, dissolution process of cellulose generally occurs at relatively high temperature. Under these conditions, cellulose and, in some cases, the ILs, are partly degraded making the long term viability of these systems a serious limitation. In this context, assistance of microwave has been explored to accelerate the dissolution process and promising results have been reported [12]. Once dissolved, cellulose is regenerated by precipitation upon addition of an antisolvent such as ethanol, water or acetone. The regeneration of cellulose from ILs is a very important step and should be closely controlled. Indeed, owing to its amphiphilic nature, cellulose is known for its ability to encapsulate a wide range of organic substrates including ILs. The presence of residual ILs in regenerated cellulose is problematic not only because the anion may lead to a denaturation of enzymes or poisoning of acid sites during the subsequent (bio) catalytic depolymerization of cellulose but also because ILs are relatively expen­sive and the entire amount of ILs need to be recovered in order to design a viable process. Recent studies have shown that regeneration of cellulose from [BMIM]Cl at temperature around 60 °C or assistance of ultrasound allows to recover nearly 99 % of the ILs offering a suitable route to limit the contamination of cellulose.[4]