Measures to reach the target of 75% energy reduction

Starting from the middle bar in figure 1, the question is how to further reduce the primary energy consumption of a dwelling, in particular the (net) electricity consumption. Following the Kyoto pyramid, the three steps to reduce energy consumption are (in this order): 1) reducing energy demand, 2) application of renewable energy and 3) efficient use of fossil energy. Let’s explore how far we can
go in each step. In relation to the renovation concepts, building related measures are of particular interest.