Shading analysis

Energy analyses of solar faqade collectors and systems behaviour usually come from ideal south orientation of collectors without influence of shading by close objects. However, faqade collectors are more exposed to possible shading problems compared to roof installations. Solar collectors integrated into the building faqade in urban environment could encounter problems of providing sufficient yearly solar irradiation on the surface due to existing or potential future shading by close objects. This issue should be considered in early design procedure and coordinated with urban planning to guarantee the solar energy access to the building faqade by means of geometric relationships through distances among the buildings and their heights, orientation of streets and obstacles producing the shades (artificial, natural). The situation when the solar faqade installation cannot be built up due to unsuitable parameters (e. g. shading problems) or even the already built solar installation is disvalued by subsequent urban development should be avoided. The possible reduction of solar energy incident on the faqade collectors by static shading (neighbouring buildings) or variable shading (surrounding high-grown vegetation) can critically affect the overall energy performance and economic parameters of designed solar system. The problem of faqade shading is more accented in the city centres or dense housing estates due to higher concentration of high-rise buildings than in family houses districts. Presented shading analysis is therefore focused on urban environment in larger housing estates.