Как выбрать гостиницу для кошек
14 декабря, 2021
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The room daylit by roof sheds or roof lanterns
Optimum daylighting conditions are always achieved with roof openings. The two cases presented here are shed and lantern type roofs as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, respectively. Due to the simple geometry, the number of factors is drastically reduced to 5. Besides the reflection coefficients, there are only geometric parameters whose meaning is explained in the figures. The results are presented in the usual manner in Figure 12 and Figure 13. Obviously, all parameters with positive effect on the overall daylight opening size show major positive influence. Internal reflecting parts of the ceiling show larger effects than external reflection surfaces.
SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT
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Figure 10: Geometry of the room toplit by roof sheds |
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Figure 11: Geometry of the room toplit by roof lanterns |
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II Л |
SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT
|
Factor |
Range of Def. |
Mean |
2 4 6 8 10 1 |
2 |
|
|
Min. |
Max. |
10.42% |
|||
|
1 |
X |
0.20 |
0.40 |
0.56 |
|
|
2 |
R |
0.10 |
0.20 |
3.38 |
|
|
3 |
Tf |
30.00 |
60.00 |
1.08 |
|
|
4 |
Pi |
0.30 |
0.70 |
0.59 |
|
|
5 |
Pa |
0.30 |
0.70 |
0.17 |
|
|
^eff |
0.00 |
1.00 |
relative effect |
Figure 12: Factors, definition bounds and resulting main effects on D for the case of the room toplit by roof sheds
|
Factor |
Range of Def. |
Mean 0 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
||
|
Min. |
Max. |
4.00% |
|||
|
1 |
X |
0.20 |
0.40 |
0.49 |
|
|
2 |
R |
0.10 |
0.20 |
1.29 |
|
|
3 |
a |
0.10 |
0.20 |
0.46 |
|
|
4 |
b |
0.10 |
0.20 |
0.47 |
|
|
5 |
Pi |
0.30 |
0.70 |
0.32 |
|
|
^eff |
0.00 |
1.00 |
relative effect |
Figure 13: Factors, definition bounds and resulting main effects on D for the case of the room toplit by roof lanterns
3 Conclusions and Continuation
Computer simulation is an extremely valuable experimental tool for studies with highly fluctuating boundary conditions as is the case in daylight studies with an always changing sky luminance distribution. Fixed sky conditions eliminate errors due to these natural fluctuations. The Design Of Experiments (DOE) method enables the restriction of necessary experiments to a minimum and a quick qualitative and quantitative analysis. The resulting polynomials are easy to program and quick to use.
With these first positive results, one can now plan to increase the number of factors in order to look at more detail in geometrical and optical definitions. Artificial lighting and its daylight dependent control could be investigated as well as integral aspects resulting from dynamical simulations like e. g. the daylight autonomy. Besides pure lighting analysis, it is possible to use the method for thermal building simulations as well.
[RAD] http://radsite. lbl. gov/radiance/HOME. html
[Sch97] Scheffler, E., "Statistische Versuchsplanung und Auswertung: eine Einfuhrung fur Praktiker", Dt. Verlag fur Grundstoffindustrie, 3. Auflage, 1997 [Sic03] Sick, F., "Einfluss elementarer architektonischer Maftnahmen auf die Tageslicht — qualitat in Innenraumen", Dissertation Universitat Karlsruhe, Faculty of Architecture, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2003