The eco house project has been prepared for the architectural competition “Bio-climatic Dwellings” in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The eco house is an ecologically designed cubic dwelling that is 120 m2 and has two stories and a basement. Cubic dimensions of the building optimize heat load because of less surface to build. Building has simple modular plan having axes of (3.20m+1.60m+3.20m). That enables of designer flexibility to set services; kitchen, toilet, bath and circulation in-group as of 1.60m quarter multiples etc. and living dining 3.20m+0.80m multiples.

Entrance, living, dining, kitchen and 2 bedrooms are located to access of South East wind. Greenhouse serves as a tampon area in summer conditions or to collect heat when needed. Greenhouse is at the center of building. Its design eases to conduct desired air to other spaces via direct openings plus special details for conduction. That is living and bedrooms adjacent to greenhouse heat is collected and stored adjacently to the thermally linked spaces.

South region of the Tenerife island is a place, with sunny and arid climate, having large amount of solar energy all the months and with very small temperature swings between the seasons and also between the day and night. Ordinary flat plate photo thermal converters needs can easily supply domestic hot water. The energy for the appliances and lighting for a self-sufficient house can be produced by a stand-alone solar cell modules and battery system. The climate of this region of the island is so suitable that the amount of reserve capacity for the batteries is relatively small as the region being sunny and arid (Green, 1982) and the efficiency decrease due to temperature increase of the Pv cells is also small because of the moderate temperatures and low temperature swings. Temperature increase of the cells can further be reduced by a proper installation taking into account the direction ofthe wind.

Monthly-average solar energy values on horizontal surface are estimated using a quadratic relation between the solar radiation and bright sunshine hours. The universality of this relation was verified by using the measured data of 100 locations all over the world (Akinoglu, and Ecevit, 1990). Diffuse component is calculated using Page’s correlation (Page, 1964).

Solar radiation values on tilted surface are estimated using the procedure outlined in Duffie and Beckman (Duffie, and Beckman, 1991) for the three different tilt angles. Calculations are carried out for all seasons (tilt=latitude), winter (tilt=latitude+12) and summer (tilt=latitude-12) applications and the results showed that the winter application is relatively better for designing the systems, with a minimum value of around 18 MJ/m2 days for the summer months. However, the differences between the monthly radiation values for the all seasons and winter applications are very small. Note that the calculations are carried out for 6 m2 installation and more that the sun according to the year 1995’s conditions can supply 80 % of the load.

Total daily requirement of electricity is obtained to be around 3100 W-hr/day. The reserve capacity of the batteries is assumed to be 3 days, which is quite reasonable for sunny and arid regions having very short rainy and cloudy periods. This gives around 12 lead-acid batteries of 260 A-hr capacity (Roberts, 1991).

The climate of the south region of the Tenerife Island is excellent to build a self-sufficient house. A wise insulation and may be the use of thermal mass walls for some of the rooms might be effective in solving insignificant requirements of cool nights and hot afternoons. According to estimations the total cost of the building is $ 80.500,00 for the year 1995. The materials have been selected with aspect to renewable resources and re-used; materials are mainly brick, wood, volcanic stone and natural insulation.

Toilet solid wastes, kitchen and garden organic wastes, leaves roots are collected, stored and composed to be fertilizer in the edible landscape in and outside house. A specially designed toilet leads urine separately collecting pipe system to be stored in the basement and sold in the market. Pipe equipment set leads gray waters to basement and ponds in the garden to be clarified, re-used and at the end for watering. Detergents waters are used in the same washing cycle. Separated detergent sold to be re-fabricated and re-used. Rainwater collecting from roof, surface waters and well supplies go directly to pond.

For gray water treatment and mix, it is recycled in basement, emerges in cascades into one of the two ponds. Total 400m2 area of garden and greenhouse is supported by homebred fertilizer and water supports %80 of annual consumption of the vegetable, fruit
and white meat of the family. Edible landscape is designed according to their light, water irrigation requirements, aesthetic and creative demands of the people living in the house.

Biogas collection produced by composting process and house unit wind energy is researched for gas production for kitchen and alternative electricity supplement. Wind speed of 5-7 m/s can be used to supply up to 1 kW of energy with a wind turbine having a diameter of 1.5-2.5 m (Randell, Ed., 1988). A rotor type windmill can be installed in the vicinity of the building, which may be attracting due to its easy construction and noise-free operation.

Table 1. Ecological evaluation ofthe buildings and projects ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA BUILDINGS & PROJECTS EVALUATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DESIGN Energy efficiency kkk kkk kkkk kkkk irkirk kkkk kkk Renewable energy use kirk kkk kkkk kkk kkkk kkkk kkk Flexibility and sustainability in design kkk kkk kkkk kkkk kkk kkk kkk Optimization in material use kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkk kkk kkk Renovation of existing buildings — — — — — — kkkk Structural resistance kkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkk MATERIAL Low embodied energy use kkkk kkk kkkk kkkk kkk kk kkk Durable materials kkk kkk kkkk kkk kkk kkk kkk Maintenance facility kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk To avoid from harmful gas emission materials kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkk kkk kkk Use and preference of regional materials kkkk kkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kkk Preference of recycled materials kkk kkk kkk kkkk kk kk kk To utilize waste materials kkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk LAND USE Minimum automobile use kkk kkk kkkk kkk kkk kk kk Development of mix-use functions kkk kkk kkk kkk kk kkk kk To utilize the resources in site kkk kkk kkkk •kkk • kk kkk I kkk kkk • kk kkkk • kkk kk : kkk kk ; kkk kkk kkk kk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kkk kk kk To settle the buildings in minimum impact to the environment і *** kkkk kkk To utilize the existing landscape kkkk kkkk kkkk SYSTEM EQUIPMENTS Energy efficient heating and ventilating system kkk kkk kkkk High efficiency in lighting system kk kk : kk High efficiency in water cycling system kk kk ; kk To provide mechanical ventilation system — — ; **

BUILDINGS: 1. Adobe house in Hasandede 2. Durudeniz dwellings in Mugla 3. Bodrum ikizada Turkcell base Station 4. Straw-bale house in Hasandede. EVALUATION GRADES: * : Poor ** : Average *** : Good **** : Excellent

PROJECTS: 5. Bio-climatic house for 5 house-holders, 6. Metropolitan Istanbul Municipality; Headquarter. 7. Ecorenovation in Batikent

Conclusions

SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT

DURUDENIZ

STRAWBALE HOUSE

ECO-RENOVATION

TURKCELL ADOBE HOUSE

SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT

Figure 1. Ecolagically considered buildings

MUNICIPALITY;

HEADQUARTER

ECO-HOUSE

Figure 2. Ecological projects