For investigation, concerning the way the shingle technology affects the module efficiency nine solar cells were interconnected by solder paste and fixed with SMD glue on the PCB. Since the solar cells were sorted according to their efficiency and the remaining electrical parameters could not be assigned only the comparison of the efficiencies was possible. This is shown in Fig. 3.

The measured values for the module efficiencies are afflicted with a relatively high error, since by the PCB the modules could not be measured with standard test conditions. The temperature at the solar cells was not 25°C but approx. 35°C. Under normal conditions the module efficiency should lie between minimum and maximum of the cell efficiencies if there are no further losses due to contacting. The module efficiency can be evaluated according to the following equation

modul efficiency =

If one proceeds from an error of ± 0.1% all measured module efficiencies lie between the cell efficiencies. Does one assume that the Uoc is underestimated one can state that the shingle connection with solder generates no additional series resistance.