S. Bartha1, I. Farkas2, D. I. Teodoreanu1 and V. Ursu1.

1I. C. P. E.-New Energy Sources Laboratory (NESL)

Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313 ROMANIA

Tel.: +40213467236, Fax: +40213467268 Email: sbartha@planet. ro, danteo@icpe. ro

Department Physics and Process Control,

2Szent Istvan University
Godollo Pater K. u. 1. H-2103 HUNGARY
Tel.: +36 28 522055, Fax: +36 28 410804 Email: Farkas. Istvan@gek. szie. hu

Abstract

Use of renewable for rural remote households, this is the principal way to energy produced what can be applied in rural electrification. A large part of the Romanian population, approx. 45 % is living in rural areas. Despite that the Romanian national power grid covers the whole territory, still there are some 70. 000 rural not electrified dispersed households. Several tens of thousands from this cant are connected to the public grid in the near future due to the large distances to the grid, implying prohibitive cost.

In the development of energy sources in rural regions in Romania at the brink of the 21st century, it is necessary to view the use of solar and wind energy in all applications as one of the most promising new and renewable energy sources. This paper presents a study, sizing model and design of a complete photovoltaic system for providing the electrical loads in a family house according to their energy requirements. A several computer programs are used to achieve this design and to determine the specifications of PV system components. The system configuration is tested in two different meteorological areas one in the mountains, in Carpathen and the second near Black Sea coast. The load profile of the both applications is estimated for 480Wh/-day energy consumption. The produced energy is storage in a battery bank that offers 20-30 day autonomy in functioning.

The monitoring equipment used for evaluation of the system parameters is made by ENERPAC and presents the principal functioning parameters of the applications. All numerical data are recorded by a data logging system at intervals one of hour with averages of parameters in each 10 minute. The monitoring data are presented for a two — year period. The simulation parameters of the system were evaluated with using the Solar Design Studio 4. 0, the NSol 4.2 and the Hommer software’s packages. In finally the test results includes the energy system parameters and also the energy performance from the application. Payback time estimations were also presented.

1. Introduction

In the region of East and Central Europe there are rural villages which are still not
fully electrificated. For that reason, it is a real case to design their energy supply
system using renewable. Before a PV system is built, system planers and installers

should simulate using a computer program. In this case the installation companies can also demonstrate to the consumers the productivity of the PV system. The design of the PV and/or PV-wind hybrid system would involve the determination of optimum values for the rated capacity of the PV modules and wind turbine, the capacity of batteries for storage that would meet the required reliability conditions for the system. When different system configuration are under developed each system configuration can be quickly simulated in order to determine the optimum from an energetic, economic, and ecological stand point. For this risen we developed a PV system for stand alone application what can be installed in different region and this PV application was tested on mountain and on sea meteorological conditions. Before the system installation begging the system planners should make a preliminary layout scheme and estimate the energy yield. In this way poor system designs can be avoided and the simulation results can be critically evaluated. In this paper initial simulation results of a small household PV-wind system is presented. The studied applications are suited in the mountain region near in Anghelus, Romania and in Agigea on the Black Sea coast. The load of system is designed for special remote shelter used by researchers making some special measurements in this area. The studied system comprises of a PV unit, charger and battery bank, inverter and several other necessary control and safety components. Monitoring equipment was also installed in order to measure and record the main working parameters of the system. The monitoring program and equipment made by Enerpac. The meteorological data used for the design and simulation of this system were obtained from the softwares and from climate database.