Experiment No 1

Initially water was taken for the experiment in order to find the temperature increase, and kept in the Line Concentrated Solar Funnel Cooker and following observations were taken. The intensity of solar rays was only 400 W/m2. (That was on cloudy day)

Amount of water taken = 3 l Initial Temperature of water = 360C

Time duration of experiment = 5 hours

The efficiency of the Line Concentrated Solar Cooker can be calculated as follows:

Efficiency	= output *100 input
Output	= m * CP * AT t
Input	= I * A

Mass m = 3 kg ; Sp. Capacity Cp = 4.18 * 103 kJ/kg K; Temp Difference AT = (85-36) = 490C ; Time Duration T =150 minutes ; Intensity I =400 W/m2 ; and A = % of area covered by sunrays* total area = (0.925+0.775)/2 * 1.67=1.419 m2.

Output	= m * CP * AT	= 3 * 4.18*103 * 49	= 68.3 W
t	150*60
Input	= I * A	= 400 * 1.419	= 567.6 W
Efficiency	= 683 *100 567.6
Efficiency	= 12.03%
ExDeriment No 2

Water was taken for the experiment in order to find the temperature increase, and kept in the Line Concentrated Line Concentrated Solar Cooker and following observations were taken. The intensity of solar rays was 500 W/m2.

Amount of water taken = 3 l, Initial Temperature of water =380C

Time duration of experiment = 5 hours

Mass m = 3 Kg ; Sp. Capacity CP = 4.18 * 103 kJ/kg K; Temp Difference AT = (99-38) = 610C; Time Duration t =110 minutes ; I =500 W/m2 ; and A = % of area covered by sunrays* total area = (0.95+0.85)/2 * 1.67=1.503 m2.

Efficiency = 15.42%

Experiment No 3

As the temperature of the water rose up to 99 degree C and got converted into steam. It was decided to make a low-pressure steam generator. Hence aluminum can was taken which holds the capacity of 3 l of water and converts it in to steam when exposed to the sunrays. And steam produced can be utilized for the heating the water. An aluminum can was tightly sealed, so that steam produced and the water does not leak out. Hence the can was made to have two openings. One opening for water inlet and other for steam outlet. This can was kept in center of the Line Concentrated Solar Cooker on a bright sunshine day. The observation was a follows:

= 3 l Initial temperature of water = 300C

= 5 hours Intensity = 550 W/m2

After 90 minutes steam started getting out of the chamber. The steam continued to come out of the chamber for next 120 minutes.

After the experiment completion, the following observations were made.

Final temperature of water = 980 C

Volume of water after experiment = 2.25 l

Amount of water converted to steam = 0.75 l

Total time taken = 210 minutes.

The efficiency of the Line Concentrated Solar Cooker can be calculated as follows:

Efficiency = *100

input

Output = (mw * CP * AT) + (ms * h)

t

Input = I * A

The values of the above-mentioned variable were as follows:

Mass m = 3 Kg ; Sp. Capacity CP = 4.18 * 103 kJ/kg K; Temp Difference AT = (100-30) = 70 0C ; Time Duration t =210 minutes ; I =600 W/m2 ; and A = % of area covered by sunrays* total area = ((0.925+0.6)/2 * 1.67 = 1.27 m2.

Output	= (mW * CP * AT) + (mS * h)	= (3*4.18*103 *70) + (0.75*2257)
t	210*60
		= 207.3 W
Input Efficiency	= 600 * 1.27 207 3 = 20/*ioo 762	= 762 W	01
Efficiency	= 27.2%

CONCLUSION

The fossil fuels are consumed in large range daily. It is the role of the energy engineers for the development of the renewable energy sources like Line Concentrated Solar Cooker in order to compensate the fossil fuels. India is gifted with enormous amount of the renewable energy like solar energy. This has to be utilized effectively by producing some devices for capturing the energy. One of such device is the above-mentioned, which gave a tremendous performance with maximum efficiency of 27.2%. Thus such type of devices should be used for domestic purpose like cooking, heating water, pasteurization etc,. This device can be manufactured with great ease using the materials that are easily and vitally available. The material used for this device was Galvanized Iron Sheet whose cost is very low when compared to other type of cookers. Unlike other solar devices, there is no need of covering the full device with glass sheets for producing green house effect, but the green house effect can be increased by covering the can suitably with high density poly ethylene sheet which can withstand high temperatures. This device can be encouraged for usage in rural areas where electricity is not available. More over the device is cheap and economically feasible.

LITERATURE CITED

1. Garg, H. P; Prakash, J. 1997 "Solar Energy Fundamentals and Applications”, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.

2. Salaria K. S., Singh M. 1978‘Solar Cooking Appliances’ Proc National Solar Energy Convention, Bhavnagar Dec.,

3. Srinivasan et al. 1979.‘A Simple Technique for Fabrication of Parabolic concentrator’ Solar Energy, 22,

4. VITA 1971. ‘Solar Cooker Construction Manual’ 11009 BK A VITA Publication.

5. INTERNET Site http://solarcooking. org/funnel. htm on Solar Cookers.

6. Mathur S. S. & Bansal N. K. 1981, ‘Indian Institute of Technology Renewable energy Research in India, Aug.