Как выбрать гостиницу для кошек
14 декабря, 2021
Сегодня каждый, кто собирается в отпуск и не знает, с кем оставить своего котика или кошку, может во[...]
Beam focusing
The charged ions injected into the accelerators are produced with ion sources which deliver beams with a finite area, energy and angular spread. Above, we briefly discussed the consequences of longitudinal energy spread and of the need for phase stabilization. Here we discuss the consequences of angular spread and the need for spatial focusing. The quality of the beam is expressed by its emittance.