Various reactions can occur in the coolant exposed to irradiation. Short-lived radi­cals may form and secondary ionization produced; impurities generated, and sec­ondary ionization occurred.

a) In gases, the effect is quite limited. Apparently, carbon dioxide can decompose to form oxygen in the reactor with increased attack on zirconium, Inconel, and 446, 310, and 316-type stainless steels.

b) Radiolysis of water can pose problem — such as radiolysis of water producing hydrogen may lead to hydriding of zirconium alloy cladding.

c) Liquid metals are generally stable under irradiation.

d) Fused salts are usually unaffected by irradiation.