he final session (Session 4) of the symposium focused on possible futures for research reactors and how the proliferation risks as­sociated with them can be managed. Five briefings presented at the symposium (Appendix A) on these topics are summarized in this chapter:

• A. Zrodnikov (Rosatom Institute for Physics and Power Engineer­ing) discussed missions for future research reactors (Zrodnikov, 2011);

• R. P. Kuatbekov (Dollezhal Scientific Research and Design Insti­

tute of Energy Technologies [NIKIET]) and P. Lemoine (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique) provided Russian and French perspectives on future research reactor plans and designs (Kuatbekov, 2011; Lemoine, 2011); and • A. N. Chebeskov (Rosatom Institute for Physics and Power En­gineering) and Robert Bari (Brookhaven National Laboratory) provided Russian and U. S. perspectives on proliferation risks associated with highly enriched uranium — (HEU-) fueled research reactors (Bari, 2011; Chebeskov, 2011).

Following these briefings, symposium participants engaged in a discus­sion about future opportunities for the United States and Russia related to research reactor conversion. This discussion is summarized in the last section of this chapter.