The effect of ionizing radiation caused either by photons or particles having sufficient energy to ionize the molecules of the medium is very important in process chemistry. It may involve photons with energies ranging from the first ionization energy of the medium (~10 eV) up to several MeV, as well as alpha and beta particles (electrons) generated by spent nuclear fuel decay. Whether in solid, solution, or gaseous states, the alpha, beta and gamma radiation interacts with the environment and affects the chemical speciation of the actinides because the result of the energy absorption is breaking or rearrangement of chemical bonds.