Currently available SMRs

At the time of this report (2011), there are eight proven SMR designs available for commercial deployment. Among these SMRs, the Canadian CANDU-6 and EC6 and the three Indian PHWR-220, 540 and 700 are pressure-tube type heavy water reactors, while the Russian KLT-40S and the Chinese QP-300 and CNP-600 are pressurised water reactors. The CANDU-6 and the QP-300 have already been deployed internationally, and there are agreements to build more of these reactors in Romania and Pakistan, respectively. Other designs among the currently available SMRs also target international markets.

All the plants except the Russian KLT-40S are traditional land-based nuclear power stations. The first-of-a-kind (FOAK) Russian barge-mounted plant with two KLT-40S reactors is still in the construction phase, targeted for deployment in 2013. This plant will provide 2^35 MWe of electricity and 25 Gcal/h of heat for district heating.

Advanced SMRs currently being developed

About twelve advanced SMRs currently being developed have reached advanced design stages and could in principle be implemented as FOAK or prototype plants before 2020. In some cases, the pre-licensing negotiations or a formal licensing process have been initiated.

As can be seen from Table E.1, the majority of these near-term advanced SMRs are pressurised water reactors (PWRs), but there is one indirect cycle high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR, using superheated steam in the power circuit) and one advanced heavy water reactor (AHWR). Three

12

liquid metal cooled SMRs, (two lead-bismuth cooled and one sodium cooled), are also currently being developed. However, only prototype plants are expected by 2020 due to the high degree of innovation required in relation to the long refuelling intervals.

Table E.1. Design status and potential timeframes for deployment of advanced SMRs

	Technology family	Electric			Licensing	Targeted
SMR	output,	Plant configuration	Design status	status/Completion	deployment
	MWe			(Application) date	date
KLT-40S, Russia	PWR	2×35	Twin-unit barge — mounted plant	Detailed design completed	Licensed/Under construction	2013

PWR

302

n/a

> 2020

mPower, USA	PWR	x125	Multi-module land-	Detailed design in	Licensing pre-application/	~2018
			based plant	progress	(Application: 2011)

NuScale, USA

IRIS*, USA

PWR

PWR

12×45

FOAK in 2018

335

Westinghouse

SMR

PWR >225 HTR-PM, China HTGR 2×105 Two-module land — based plant Detailed design completed Licensing in progress/ 2010 or 2011 FOAK in 2013 AHWR, India Advanced heavy water reactor 300 Single module land — based plant Detailed design being finalised Licensing pre-application/ (Application: 2011) ~2018 SVBR-100, Russia Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor x101.5 Single module or multi-module land- based or barge — mounted plant Detailed design in progress. n/a /Prototypes have operated in Russian submarines Prototype: 2017 New Hyperion power Module, USA Single module or multi-module land- based plant Licensing pre — application/(Application: not known) Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor x25 n/a FOAK by 2018 4S, Japan Na cooled fast reactor 10 Single module land — based plant Detailed design in progress. Licensing pre-application/ (Application: 2012) FOAK after 2014

* Late in 2010 the Westinghouse Electric Company stopped the development of the IRIS project and announced it would go with an alternative integral design PWR of a 200 MWe class. Very few technical details of this new SMR were available as of June 2011.

The electrical output of these advanced SMRs varies from 8.5 to 335 MWe (per reactor module). The majority of advanced SMRs provide for twin-unit or multi-module plant configurations with the correspondingly increased overall capacity of a nuclear power station. All Russian SMR design

concepts provide for, or do not exclude, a barge-mounted plant configuration. In other countries the SMR projects are traditional land-based. Endeavours

Some SMRs, especially those targeting applications in remote or isolated areas, propose to implement co-generation with non-electrical energy products. District heating is included in all Russian PWR SMR designs, with the production of desalinated water specified as an option. Water desalination is proposed by the Indian AHWR and Korean SMART concepts.