11.15. Various regulations limit allowable exposure from reactor ef­fluents and from waste packages. For example, in 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, to meet ALARA program (§6.63) objectives, the annual above-background dose or dose commitment from liquid effluents in unrestricted areas from all pathways of exposure is limited to 3 mrem to the total body or 10 mrem to any organ. The gaseous effluent total body annual dose limit is 5 mrem. Radioactive iodine is particularly important with the annual dose or dose commitment from it or particular deposits limited to 15 mrem to any organ of a person in an unrestricted areas. Note that ALARA guidelines are more restructive than exposure standards, as given in §6.67.

11.16. Radioactive exposure regulations also limit the concentration of radionuclides in gaseous and liquid effluents at the outer boundary of the plant site, that is, the limit of public access. These are listed in 10 CFR 20, Appendix B, and may be considered as the maximum permissible con­centrations (MPCs). They take into account the manner of entry of each radionuclide into the body, the biological and radioactive half-lives, and the dose effects. The concentrations have been calculated to be consistent with the dose limit of 0.1 rem/yr for members of the public that was established in 1991.

11.17. Rules for controlling radioactive materials in effluents are es­tablished both by the NRC and the Environmental Protection Agency (ЕРА). EPA regulations are found in Title 40 of CFR. For example, 40 CFR 190 limits the dose from the uranium fuel cycle to the public to 25 mrem/yr. Licensing requirements for land disposal of radioactive wastes are given in 10 CFR 61. However, it should be recognized that such values change with time. Therefore, current references should be consulted.