Following a break in the primary circuit the following engineered safety features might be invoked by a particular design. (Naturally not all of them would be required and exactly which would be used would be a func­tion of the plant size, layout and concept details, and other safety features being used.)

Plant protective system to shutdown the reactor.

Wrapped and restrained pipework to guard or restrict pipe breakage.

Safety guard tanks around components (or minimum volume containers to restrict coolant loss).

Double pipework to avoid coolant loss.

Comparison of Earthquake Scales0

Elevated design and layout designed to minimize outflow.

Check valves to reduce loss of coolant.

Hydraulic diodes to reduce loss of coolant.

Reserve coolant volumes to provide for coolant loss.

Siphon breakers to reduce outflow.

Isolation valves to isolate the failed loop or pipe.

Multiple path design to minimize the effect of a pipe rupture.