Как выбрать гостиницу для кошек
14 декабря, 2021
Included for comparison, Figure D.18 shows the calculated flaw rates (non-through wall). Listed in Table D.10 are the RR and FW weld failure rates that represent the state-of-knowledge at T = 15 years of operation. Listed in Table D.11 are the RC and HPI/NMU prior weld failure rates. The failure rates represent the frequency per weld-year of a through-wall flaw resulting in a leakage of less than or equal to the Technical Specification limit for unidentified leakage. In summary, the derivation of prior weld failure rates includes the following steps:
• Determine the number of through-wall leaks from PIPExp database. Includes performing a trend analysis.
• From the PIPExp database, determine the appropriate exposure terms.
• Establish the susceptibility of different weld locations to degradation.
• Combine the output from the previous steps to determine prior failure rates applicable to welds in the RR and FW systems.
1.00E-02
1.00E-06
Figure D.18 Prior Frequency of Non-Through Wall IGSCC in RR Piping
System |
Pipe Size [NPS] |
Weld Configuration |
Lognormal Distribution Parameters |
|
Mean [1/Weld-yr] |
Range Factor (RF) |
|||
RR |
12 |
Elbow-to-pipe |
3.95E-04 |
10 |
Nozzle-to-safe-end |
1.59E-04 |
10 |
||
Pipe-to-safe-end |
7.49E-05 |
15 |
||
Pipe-to-sweepolet |
7.02E-05 |
15 |
||
Pipe-to-reducer |
1.40E-04 |
15 |
||
RR |
22 |
Pipe-to-end-cap |
7.67E-04 |
10 |
RR |
22 |
Pipe-to-sweepolet |
1.18E-04 |
15 |
Pipe-to-cross |
1.77E-04 |
15 |
||
RR |
28 |
Pipe-to-elbow |
7.19E-04 |
10 |
Nozzle-to-safe-end |
1.50E-04 |
10 |
||
Pipe-to-safe-end |
6.74E-04 |
10 |
||
Pipe-to-valve |
2.25E-04 |
10 |
||
Pipe-to-pump |
2.25E-04 |
10 |
||
Pipe-to-tee |
1.25E-04 |
10 |
||
Pipe-to-pipe |
4.99E-05 |
20 |
||
Pipe-to-cross |
7.49E-05 |
20 |
||
Pipe-to-reducer |
7.49E-05 |
20 |
||
FW |
12 |
Nozzle-to-safe-end |
6.20E-06 |
100 |
Elbow-to-pipe |
3.32E-07 |
100 |
||
Pipe-to-pipe |
5.17E-07 |
100 |
||
Pipe-to-reducer |
1.55E-06 |
100 |
||
Pipe-to-reducing-tee |
4.65E-07 |
100 |
||
FW |
20 |
Elbow-to-pipe |
4.00E-06 |
100 |
Elbow-to-valve |
6.00E-07 |
100 |
||
Pipe-to-reducing-tee |
4.80E-07 |
100 |
||
Pipe-to-reducer |
7.20E-07 |
100 |
No failure rates derived for welds in NPS14 piping; it is assumed that the data on welds in NPS12 piping is also representative of welds in NPS14 piping._______________________________________ |