I. CROSSLAND, CrosslandConsulting, UK

Abstract: This chapter traces the rise, fall and possible resurgence of nuclear power through the years from the discovery of atomic fission to the present day. It describes how the technology was discovered and developed — first for the purpose of waging war and then for commercial electricity generation. It explains how concerns over nuclear proliferation and safety produced a period of diminishing public confidence in which, paradoxically, there was increased reliance on the technology for electricity production. Finally, it describes how fears over man-made climate change caused many states to turn towards nuclear power only for some to execute a U-turn after the Fukushima accident. This is described by reference to the examples of France, Sweden, California and Germany, all of whom aim to meet the challenge of large scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, albeit through different strategies.

Key words: separation and purification of uranium isotopes, nuclear weapons, nuclear power, public opinion on nuclear energy, nuclear fuel reprocessing.