Design changes at VVER-440 steam generators

The steam generator with technical mark RGV-4E is one body SG [10-12]. The heat-exchange area is incorporated inside as surface of primary pipelines bundle with U-shape. The ends of these pipelines are fixed to the walls of the primary collector. Inside of SG body several separators and system of the steam water distribution are placed. The PGV-4E steam generator is foreseen for dry steam production with the pressure of about 4,61 MPa at a temperature of about 258°C.

The basic 1977 design from was improved after 1994 by new feed water pipeline system. There was also change in the type of steel of these pipelines. Instead conventional carbon steel, the austenite steel was used in distribution boxes as well as feed water pipelines.

All components in the Bohunice innovated feed water pipeline system were made of austenitic steel according to the Czechoslovak norm CSN, class 17. Advantages of the new construction are not only higher resistance against corrosion, but also much more comfortable visual inspection. The innovations can be seen in Figs. 1, 2.

Fig. 1. VVER-440 (Bohunice) steam generator — cross section. NPP Bohunice innovation

The feed water comes via nozzle to distribution pipeline system and gets inside to left and right incoming line. From this place, water flows via pipelines ф 44,5x4mm into chambers and gets out via ejectors. This flow is mixed together with boiler water, so the final flow on the small primary pipelines is not extremely hot and does not cause a disturbing thermal load. Simultaneously, the circulation in SG tank was improved and places with increased salt concentration are reduced.

The main advantage is that the visual inspection of the feed water pipeline can be performed immediately due to placement of the whole water distribution system over the primary pipelines bundle. Using this system, the possible defects are easier observable. The next advantage is connected to 7 boxes with ejectors which mix properly the feed water with boiler water and the thermal load decreases in this way. An additional advantage is the checking and exchange possibility of distribution boxes in case of their damage.

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Fig. 2. VVER-440 (Bohunice) steam generator — cross section A-A, NPP Bohunice innovation