To offset the growing internal demand for fuels they produce and still maintain export volumes (Lee et al., 2012; Osabutey, 2012), countries with coal, oil, or gas resources may find small-scale nuclear useful as replacement.

SMR generation could provide power for industry outside the resource realm, contributing to diversified economic activity. The caveat exists that where countries are highly dependent on coal and petroleum industries, as for example Indonesia or Venezuela, an SMR program would need to be integrated into the existing economic structure. Their comparatively small size might more easily permit this.