Production reliability

Reliability impacts the economic performance of a plant by increasing the capacity factor and avoiding large costs that operators face for sudden loss of energy supply (both electricity and heat). Furthermore, customers have come to expect on-demand availability of high-quality energy products. Therefore, energy systems should be judged on their ability to respond to market demands, on a minute, hourly, daily, weekly, and seasonal basis. A hybrid system must be capable of making temporal adjustments on timescales that ensure power quality standards on the grid (i. e., power factor, voltage, frequency, and phase); other hybrid system products can be selected based on the ability of the production subsystem to handle variation in production rates and schedules. One of the key advantages that a hybrid system could offer is the additional possibility of redirecting energy production to more lucrative products given market situation changes in a short time while continuing to meet grid demand. This flexibility provides a clear benefit in terms of economic performance and capability to cope with fluctuations in demand.