The major components in an I&C system include the primary or sensing element, the transmitter, the processing electronics, and the actuation devices. The primary/sensing element is the device that senses the process. For example, a sensing element may be the temperature sensing device, or the pressure sensing device. The transmitter is the device that converts the physical parameter being sensed to an electronic signal that can be transferred to follow-on processing electronics. The processing electronics perform various operations on the signal, which could be a simple as a applying a gain, or as complex as a filtering algorithm. The actuation device is the device that reads the electronic signal and performs the final action. The actuation device could be a control board indicator, a computer display, or an actuation signal sent to some other mechanism such as a control valve or an electronic device. The cabling is the wiring that ties it all together. The following discussion on major components breaks down into six sub-categories: safety systems I&C, nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) I&C, balance of plant (BOP) system I&C, diagnostics/prognostics, processing electronics, and cabling.