The main industries interested in the use of process heat are the petroleum and coal processing, chemical, paper, primary metal and food processing industries. The application of nuclear heat for industrial process applica­tions has significant potential that has not yet been realized to a large extent. Currently, only the Goesgen reactor in Switzerland and the RAPS-2 reactor in India continue to provide heat for industrial processes, whereas other nuclear heat systems used for industrial processes have been discon­tinued even after successful use. Among the reasons cited for the closure of these units, one is availability of cheaper alternate energy sources, includ­ing waste heat near the industrial complexes. Previous experiences with nuclear energy in providing process heat for industrial purposes exist in Canada, Germany, Norway and Switzerland. In Canada, several CANDU reactors supplied steam for industries such as food processing and industrial alcohol production until 1998. In Germany, the Stade PWR has supplied steam for a salt refinery located 1.5 km from the plant during the period December 1983 to November 2003. In Norway, the Halden Reactor has supplied steam to a nearby factory for many years. In Switzerland, the Goesgen PWR has been delivering process steam to a cardboard factory located 2 km from the plant since 1979.