A viable nuclear knowledge culture needs constant attention throughout the different stages of the nuclear lifecycle, which implies nuclear knowl­edge management.

Adequate numbers of competent and motivated personnel must be avail­able during any phase of a nuclear programme. From the regulatory per­spective, the licensing requirements define that the licensee needs to be able to demonstrate that adequate numbers of competent personnel are avail­able, until the facility is finally removed from regulatory control.

The knowledge and skills necessary to purchase, construct, license, operate, maintain and comply with regulations of a nuclear power plant are spread across most scientific and engineering disciplines. Specific considera­tions for the nuclear industry include:

• Additional knowledge and appreciation of the increased attention to detail in order to ensure operational safety, security and radiation pro­tection are vital and require a heightened attention to the quality of major systems and equipment.

• Expertise in nuclear physics and nuclear materials science for reactor operation and fuel cycle management.

• Finally, along with the technical skills, there must be a strong commit­ment to safety culture, which instils personal responsibility for the safety of all individuals involved in the programme.