Peer reviews and OSART missions are conducted by independent agencies such as INPO, WANO and the IAEA. Peer reviews involve peer-to-peer comparison of practices between utilities and plants to identify areas for improvement in organisational effectiveness and the promotion of best practices.

Assessments of situations, conditions and practices are compared against industry standards based on good practices which are in the form of per­formance objectives and criteria (Pos and Cs).

Feedback to the utility is in the form of areas for improvement (AFIs), often accompanied with insights into the underlying causes of the deficien­cies identified.

The tangible product of a peer review or OSART mission is the mission report, but much of the benefit derived from hosting and participating in such missions is in the informal exchanges between peers.

Good practices identified in the course of such missions are captured and promoted through the industry in the form of Guidelines or Good Practices.