Control diversity

Most integral reactors being considered have some type of control rods and also have soluble boron This provides diversity in the physical means of shut-down and in the technical means of implementing it

System-integrated PWR (SPWR) has no control rods and relies on boron systems only There are three independent systems Philosophically, this is similar to the fast breeder reactor (FBR) situation where there are only control rods for shut­down but there are diverse control rod drive mechanisms