7.12.1 Governmental policy

Project No 177/2007/QD-TTg (Nov. 20, 2007) of Gov. for development of biofuels to 2015 and line of vision to 2025 and Gov. Strategy No 1855/QD-TTg (Dec. 27, 2007) for development of National Energy to 2020 and line of vision to 2050. The government approves a new and renewable energy as 3, 5 and 11% to 2010, 2020 and 2050 respectively. There are no duties for biomass introduction. Ministry of Industry and Trade; Ministry of Science and Technology; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Ministry of Natural Resources anfd Environment.

7.12.2 Utilization of biomass

Availability, amount used, and how to use, for each biomass is listed below.

• Livestock waste: availability: Pig dung — 25.7 million tons/year; Cattle dung — 20.2 million tons/year; Buffalo dung — 16.0 million tons/year; Municipal garbage — 6.4 million tons/year, amount used 70-80% (compost; fertilizer; Biogas…

• Food waste: availability not determined (animal feed)

• Paper: consumpition 997,400t/year, amount used 70% (recylce)

• Black liquor: availability not determined, amount used 40% (combustion)

• Sawn wood: 3,414 thous. m3 Lumber-mill residue: amount used 100% (energy use)

• Forestry residue: availability 1,648.5 thousand tons/year, amount used 0%

• Non-edible portions of farming crops: availability: rice straws:76 Mt/year; rice husks 7.6 Mt/years; Bagasse2.5 Mt/year, amount used 20% (compost, animal feed, animal bedding material, electrcity, Mushroom production…); 73,800 tons of used cooking oil; 60,000 tons of “Basa” fish oil (2005) now producing 10,000-tons/year