Energy consumption for biomass cultivation and harvest

The assumption as shoen in Table 6.2.1 is set, although growth quantity and caloric value of biomass depend on tree types and/or local meteorological conditions.

Table 6.2.2-Table 6.2.4 obtained from references shows energy required for tree planting, describing electricity as primary energy based on power generation efficiency (38.1%) in Japan.

Table 6.2.4 shows the inventory of afforestation for pulp production in Brazil, which can be considered as an example of biomass energy production technology.

The growth rate is a value per each unit area and depends on intervals between trees. For Brazilian case, plenty of human work (task) reduces energy consumption. Energy efficiency of biomass production can be found by comparing calorific value of Table 6.2.1 and energy consumption of Tables 6.2.2- 6.2.4.

For example, North American case shows that 1.4 MJ of energy (about 7.4%) is consumed to produce biomass which has 18.8 MJ of caloric value per unit mass.

North America

Indonesia

Brazil

Tree

Poplar

Acassia

Eucalyptus

Growth rate [t-dry/ha/year]

10

7.5

5.8

Calorific value [MJ/kg-dry]

18.8

16.7

18.8

Carbon content

0.5

0.5

0.5

Table 6.2.2. Planting energy in North America.

Diesel Oil [MJ/kg-dry]

Natural Gas [MJ/kg-dry]

Electricity

[MJ, kWh/kg-dry]

Total

[MJ/kg-dry]

Grading

0.014

0.014

Fertilizer

0.024

0.281

0.073

0.0078

0.378

Pesticide

0.029

0.010

0.005

0.0006

0.044

Machinery

0.017

0.017

Harvest

0.731

0.731

Transport

0.240

0.240

Total

1.055

0.291

0.079

0.0083

1.425

Table 6.2.3. Planting Energy in Indonesia.

Diesel Oil [MJ/kg-dry]

Natural Gas [MJ/kg-dry]

Electricity

[MJ, kWh/kg-dry]

Total

[MJ/kg-dry]

Grading

0.367

0.367

Fertilizer

0.032

0.375

0.073

0.0078

0.480

Pesticide

0.039

0.013

0.005

0.0006

0.057

Machinery

0.225

0.225

Harvest

0.225

0.225

Transport

0.408

0.408

Total

1.296

0.388

0.079

0.0083

1.763

Table 6.2.4. Planting Energy in Brazil.

Diesel Oil

Natural Gas

Electricity

Total

[MJ/kg-dry]

[MJ/kg-dry]

[MJ, kWh/kg-dry]

[MJ/kg-dry]

Grading

0.024

0.024

Fertilizer

0.047

0.225

0.092

0.0097

0.364

Pesticide

0.050

0.050

Machinery

0.000

Harvest

0.035

0.035

Transport

0.000

Total

0.156

0.225

0.092

0.0097

0.473