NREL, USA, has developed a vortex reactor, in which wood particle slides on the hot reactor wall by the circled hot gas flow. By the revolution, fresh surface is always appeared on the wood particle, and then the flash pyrolysis is realized. BTG, Netherlands, has developed a rotary corn type reactor, in which hot sand is used as the heat transfer medium and the sand fluids by the centrifugal force of the rotated reactor.

Many type of fluidized bed (FB) reactor have been developed by Dynamotive-RTI, Pasquali-ENEL (Italy), Ensyn,(Canada), RedArrow-Ensyn (USA), Union Fenosa-Waterloo (Spain), VTT (Finland), etc. The small particle of wood is introduced in FB with hot gas or hot heat transfer medium, and it is rapidly pyrolyzed for high liquid yield. Since smooth feeding of the wood particle is difficult, tar trouble occurs easily.

AIST, Japan, had developed the pyrolysis using microwave. Microwave can heat wood from inside, and big size wood, log, is directly used. The same result is obtained as the flash pyrolysis of 200°C/s. Bigger size is better for the energy efficiency, and around 1.4 MJ (0.4 kWh) is used for the completed pyrolysis of 1-kg wood. In addition, in this pyrolysis, tar trouble is small.