PLA is a renewably derived thermoplastic polyester and is completely biodegrad­able and bioabsorbable.96 PLA, one of the oldest and most promising biodegradable polymers (aliphatic polyester) which is obtained from agricultural products such as corn, sugarcane, etc., is at the forefront of emerging biodegradable polymer used in industries through improved manufacturing practices that lower its production cost.97 Poly(lactic acid) and polylactide are the same chemical products and both are abbreviated as PLA. The only difference between them is how they are produced. Lactic acid is a chiral molecule existing as two stereoisomers, l — and d-lactic acid which can be produced in different ways, that is, biologically or chemically syn — thesized.98 In the first case, lactic acid is obtained by fermentation of carbohydrates from lactic bacteria, belonging mainly to the genus Lactobacillus, or fungi.99 This fermentative process requires a bacterial strain and is a sources of carbon (carbo­hydrates), nitrogen (yeast extract, peptides, etc.) and mineral elements to allow the growth of bacteria and the production of lactic acid. The lactic acid as-formed ex­ists almost exclusively as l-lactic acid and leads to poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with low molecular weight by polycondensation reaction. However, Moon et al.100 have proposed an alternative solution to obtain higher molecular weight PLLA by the polycondensation route. In contrast, the chemical process could lead to various ratio of l — and d-lactic acid. Indeed, the chemical reactions leading to the formation of the cyclic dimer, the lactide, as an intermediate step to the production of PLA, could form macromolecular chains with l — and d-lactic acid monomers. This mechanism of ring-opening polymerization ROP from the lactide explains the formation of two enantiomers. This ROP route has the advantage of reaching high molecular weight polymers101 and allows control of the final properties of PLA by adjusting the pro­portions and the sequencing of l- and d-lactic acid units. At present, due to its avail­ability on the market, PLA has one of the highest potentials among biopolyesters, particularly for packaging and medical applications.102