The large use of petroleum based polymers and polymer-based synthetic fiber com­posites in different sectors led to disposal problems which also triggers environ­mental issues. Most of the polymers used in composites are based on nonrenewable petroleum, whose price is increasing and unstable. Furthermore, the production of fossil-based materials like petroleum from biomass takes approximately 1 million years, compared to 1-10 years for the conversion of many chemical into CO2 (see Fig. 9.4). For the production of 100% renewable and biodegradable composites, both the polymeric matrix and the reinforcement must be from renewable resources which are often derived from plants within few years.8,12 Hence, to overcome the dependence on petroleum-based polymers and synthetic fibers, attempts have been made to use 100% renewable and biodegradable biopolymer and natural fiber in the production of biocomposites.