The process of electrospinning was first investigated by Zeleny in 1914 and was found to be a technique for spinning small diameter fibers.66 Electrospinning is an adaptable technique, enabling the development of nanofiber-biomaterial scaf­folds. These scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering and regenerative medi­cine because they can mimic the fibrous properties of the natural extracellular matrix in tissues. Electrospinning has also been implemented to produce spider silk fibers. In the process, the spinning dope is placed into a syringe fixed to a needle and a high electric potential is applied to a droplet of the solution at the tip of the needle. When the applied electrical force becomes greater than the surface tension of the silk droplet, it results in a charged jet of the silk solution that is ejected in the direction of the applied field. The jet undergoes dehydration as the solvent is evaporated in the air, resulting in dried fibers that can be collected on a receiving conducting mesh. Many more studies have been reported using silk­worm fibroins for electrospinning relative to spider fibroins. To date, nanofibers have been successfully spun from reconstituted natural silk dragline silk as well as recombinantly expressed proteins dissolved in HFIP.67 The diameters of the fibers were several orders of magnitude smaller relative to natural fibers, ranging from 8 to 200 nm, which is similar to other electrospun polymers.68 For the reconstituted spun nanofibers, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies demonstrated the fibers contained orientational and crystalline order comparable to that of natural spider silks.67a Electrospinning has also been used to prepare spider silk fibroins/ poly(D, L-lactide) [PDLLA] composite fibrous nonwoven mats.69 Addition of the spidroins to PDLLA led to improvements in the hydrophilic and mechanical prop­erties of the composite fiber and its biocompatibility. Collectively, the electrospun nonwoven fabrics have promise for scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dress­ing materials, and carriers for drug delivery because of their high hydrophilicity and porous structure.