In general, molecular genetic techniques are concerned with manipulating, repro­ducing, adding, and deleting DNA and RNA molecules in an organism. Manipu­lations, deletions, and additions are accomplished via genetic transformation and genetic editing, while reproduction is accomplished via cloning. There are also numerous other methods for genetic and genomic editing; however, transformation and cloning remain an integral part of even the most recently developed methods. Novel techniques are required to make those molecular changes easier to manifest, less time consuming, and more permanent in their effect.