Wastewater treatment consists of the removal of unwanted chemicals, or biological contaminants from impure water sources, such as from the liquid wastes released by houses, industrial operations, or agricultural processes. Conventional wastewater treatment methods include physical processes such as filtration and sedimentation; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination; and biological processes such as generation of activated sludge (Metcalf and Eddy 2003). However, these methods are mainly based on the separation of pollutants from the wastewater with a requirement for a further stage to eliminate these pollutants. This brings a need for an integrated wastewater treatment process that eliminates the undesired portion of the wastewater while converting them into valuable products, which can be successfully achieved by applying a selected immobilization process. Immobilized algal systems are particularly effective for the removal of nutrients (i. e., phosphate and nitrate) and various metals from wastewaters, which will be discussed in the following sections.