The concept’s key feature is the use of high-temperature heat from a solar-concentrating tower to drive the chemical process of converting biomass to a biofuel, obtaining a near­complete utilization of carbon atoms in the biomass. The aim of the concept is to obtain an easy to handle fuel with near-zero CO2 emission and reduced land-use requirements com­pared to first — and second-generation biofuels. H2 from water electrolysis with solar power is used for reverse water gas shift to avoid producing CO2 during the process. The solar — driven third-generation biofuel requires only 33% of the biomass input and 38% of total land as the second-generation biofuel, while still exhibiting a CO2-neutral fuel cycle. With CO2 capture, second-generation biofuel would lead to the removal of 50% of the carbon in the biomass from the atmosphere. There is a trade-off between reduced biomass feed costs and the increased capital requirements for the solar-driven process; it is attractive at intermediate biomass and CO2 prices (Hertwich and Zhang, 2009).