Near-shore perspectives for exploiting macroalgae may be different. Firstly, there are cases where macroalgae have developed into a pest because of eutrophication (Morand and Merceron 2005). In some of these cases, significant amounts of these macroalgae are currently collected and landfilled. For instance, in Europe, this hap­pens in parts of the Venice Lagoon, the Ortbetello Lagoon, the Bay of Brittany and the Peel Inlet, with collected amounts in the order of 103-104 Mg per year (Morand and Merceron 2005; Bastianoni et al. 2008). Such macroalgae may be used for bio­fuel production. However, when nutrient emissions are reduced, macroalgal primary production will also be diminished. Secondly, there is already major near-shore cul­tivation of macroalgae mainly for food and feed (Wikfors and Ohno 2001; Critch — ley et al. 2006). Eutrophication of coastal waters is conducive to yields, and there is also intentional addition of nutrients to further production (Neushul and Wang 2000). Also, it has been suggested to combine cultivation of macroalgae with nu­trient emissions from marine animal aquaculture (Wikfors and Ohno 2001; Chopin et al. 2001; Troell et al. 2006).