Biodiesel has been produced using a very wide range of plant oils and animal fats, waste cooking oils and soapstocks. Table 7.17 gives some of the plant oils that have been converted into biodiesel and Table 7.18 the animal fats, waste cooking oil and soapstocks.

All these sources of oil used for biodiesel production have characteristic and dif­ferent fatty acid profiles and these can influence the properties of the subsequent biodiesel.

Fig. 7.19. Effect on the lubricity of conventional diesel when biodiesel is added. The lubricity was measured by ball-on-cylinder lubrication evaluator (BOCLE). (Redrawn from Graboski and McCormick, 1998.)

Table 7.17. Plant oils that have been used to produce biodiesel.

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Hosamni et al. (2004)

Hoser and O’Kuru (2006)

Bouaid et al. (2005); Canoira et al. (2006)

Nwafor and Rice (1995); Peterson et al. (1996); Saka and Kusdrana (2001); Di Serio et al. (2005)

Zubr (1997); Bernardo et al. (2003); Frohlich and Rice (2005)

Sahoo et al. (2006)

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Foidl et al. (1996)

Canoira et al. (2006)

Lang et al. (2001)

Walker et al. (2003)

Ghadge and Rahman (2005); Puhan et al. (2005) Crabbe et al. (2001); Kalam and Masjuki (2002);

Ooi et al. (2004)

Sahoo et al. (2006)

Raheman and Phadatare (2004); Karmee and Chadha (2005); Meher et al. (2006c) Zullaikah et al. (2005)

Ramadhas et al. (2005)

Alcantara et al. (2000); Cao et al. (2005)

Lang et al. (2001); Usta (2005)