This project evolved from one that focused on a demonstration of the ARPS concept using a single flume, to the investigation of fundamental issues in algal mass culture, using several smaller ponds and a simplified system design. In particular, this project reported very high productivities achieved by two methods: organized mixing in ponds (e. g., the foils), and optimal batch dilution (2- or 3-day intervals, depending on species). However, the basis for these productivity enhancements was speculative, and it proved difficult to demonstrate the reproducibility of these effects. The effects of foils could be better ascribed to degassing of oxygen from the ponds with foils (e. g., higher mixing power inputs) and the results from the 3- day dilution experiments to some uncontrolled factors, in addition to possible methodological problems (Laws et al. 1985; 1986a, b; 1987).

Laws (1989; see also Laws and Berning 1990) continued this research with Electric Power Research Institute funding for 1 year, moving the system to Kona, Hawaii. No significantly different information was produced. However, Laws concluded that lack of land area, and high costs, would make such a process impractical for fuel production in Hawaii.