Biomass procurement per unit of land area can obviously be increase if whole tree harvesting is practised, rather than stem wood harvesting only. However, this relatively small increase in harvestable biomass per hectare comes with a relatively large export of nutrients. Several authors have constructed equations whereby bark, branch, and leaf mass and nutrient contents can be estimated from stem mass or volume, for example Dovey (2009). These tools are useful when calculating the additional nutrient export when the harvesting of additional biomass is considered. Increasingly intensive silviculture and frequent harvesting of ultra-short rotations may result in a net loss of nutrients in many plantations. Recent work in intensively managed short-rotation plantations has shown that fairly large nutrient losses of several elements may occur, which are seldom compensated for by increased inputs (through atmospheric deposition or fertilization). Nutrient losses and gains, as well as the long-term nutritional sustainability of short rotation forestry systems are discussed in detail with some case study data sets in Chap. 10.