Studied LCAs use three different kinds of energy carriers: electricity obtained by direct combustion of the biomass, biodiesel by sequential or direct triglycerides esterification, and biogas by anaerobic digestion.
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TABLE 13.7 Conditioning and Dry-Matter Content of the Algal Slurry in Regard to its Transformation Into an Energy Carrier.
Biomass Transformation
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Ref
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Harvesting and Conditioning
|
Electricity
|
Oil Extraction/ Transesterification
|
Biogas
|
|
Kad
|
Centrifugation 1: 0.8% Centrifugation 2: 12% Solar drying: 50%
|
Co-combustion with coal
|
—
|
—
|
|
Lar
|
Flocculation: 2%
Rotary press: 20%
Dry extraction belt Wet dryer: 90% extraction: 20%
|
|
Hexan-methanol
|
|
|
Bal
|
Centrifugation: 30% Steam drying: 95%
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
—
|
|
Bat
|
Centrifugation: NC
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
—
|
|
Cla10
|
Flocculation: NC Centrifugation: 10%
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
San
|
Filter press: NC Plate separator: NC Dryer: 91%
|
|
Hexane-methanol
|
|
|
Ste
|
Flocculation Centrifugation: 22%
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
Oilcakes:
0.383 m3CH4 kgDM^1
|
|
Bre
|
Flocculation Centrifugation: 20%
|
|
Hexane-methanol Supercritical CO2 — methanol
Sonication + esterification Supercritical methanol
|
Oilcakes:
0.800 m3CH4 kgDM^1
|
|
Cam
|
Flocculation: NC Dissolved air flotation: NC
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
Oilcakes:
0.320 m3CH4 kgDM-1
|
|
Cla11
|
Autoflocculation: 1.4% Settling: 14%
|
Drying (90-98% DM) Co-combustion with coal
|
Hexane-methanol
|
Oilcakes:
0.369 m3CH4 kgDM-1 Algae:
0.441 m3CH4 kgDM-1
|
|
Col
|
Natural settling: 1% Centrifugation: 5%
|
—
|
—
|
Algae:
0.262 m3CH4 kgDM-1
|
|
Hou
|
Flocculation
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
—
|
|
Kho
|
Flocculation: 3% Centrifugation: 15%
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
—
|
|
Yan
|
Drying, up to 90%
|
—
|
Hexane-methanol
|
—
|
NC = Not communicated.
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